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Re: [TCML] How about some Tesla Coiling?



http://www.teslaradio.com/images/fig8_schematic.gif

A photograph of one of these finished instruments, Fig. 9, especially adapted to be used in the operation of Roentgen bulbs, or in general as a laboratory appliance in place of the ordinary induction coil, gives an idea of the actual arrangement of the parts. The condenser C, Fig. 8, is contained in a box B upon which is mounted in front the motor for controlling the circuits, in this instance simply a coil L actuating a spring s, fixed on top of the same. This coil, designated as the charging coil, serves at the same time to raise the pressure of the source to any value desired for charging the condenser. This is an important practical advantage, as it enables reduction of the capacity of the latter so that it need not be more than a few percent of that otherwise needed for an equivalent conversion of energy. Besides, the smaller the capacity, the quicker is the vibration and the shorter need be the high tension secondary .The discharge circuit p surrounding the secondary coil S is formed of a few turns of copper ribbon and mounted on the top of the box behind the charging coil, all connections being as short as possible so as to reduce as much as it is practicable both the self-induction and resistance of the discharge circuit. On the front side of the box, Fig. 9, containing the condenser, there are mounted the binding posts for connection with the line, two small fuses, and a reversing switch. In addition, two adjusting screws are provided for raising and lowering the iron core within the charging coil as a convenient means for varying within considerable limits the current of supply and regulating thereby the discharge of the secondary circuit. The instrument with rubber columns carrying the discharge rods, which are visible on the top, dismounted, can be enclosed in a box of 12 x 9 x 6 inches inside measure. The mode of operation may be explained as follows: At the start, the spring contacts cc, Fig. 8, being closed and the condenser practically short circuited, a strong current passes through the charging coil attracting the armature fastened to the spring and separating the contacts. Upon this, the energy stored in the coil, assuming the form of a high tension discharge, rushes into the condenser charging the same to a high potential. The current through the coil now subsiding, the attraction exerted upon the armature ceases, and the spring reasserts itself and closes again the contacts. With the closing of the latter the condenser is discharged through the primary or discharge circuit, the constants of which are so chosen that an extremely rapid vibration of the electromagnetic system including the condenser and primary coil results. The currents of very high frequency thus obtained induce corresponding currents of high tension in the secondary. Simultaneously, however, with the discharging of the condenser, the current from the source of supply again rushes through the charging coil and energy is stored for the next charge of the condenser, this process being repeated as often as the spring opens and closes the contacts. Although the instrument contains all the essentials of an ordinary induction coil, it will be seen that its action is entirely different, and the advantages of this new principle over the old are so great as to hardly require any lengthy comment. Merely to convey true and more complete information I may mention a few of the most important ones. Take, for instance, the economy. The instrument referred to takes on a 110-volt direct-current circuit, according to load and adjustment, from 5 to 30 watts. It gives a powerful stream of sparks 6 inches in length, but if it be desired this distance can be easily doubled without increasing the energy consumed; in fact, I have found it practicable to produce by the use of this principle sparks of 1 foot in length involving no greater expenditure of energy than 10 watts. But in an instrument designed for a variety of uses, a departure must be made from a design insuring the greatest spark length. Of the total energy consumed by the apparatus, fully 80 percent can be obtained in the secondary circuit. Owing to the small total energy consumed and the efficiency of conversion, all parts of the instrument remain cool by long continued working with the exception of the contacts which, of course, are slightly heated. The latter are subject to much less deterioration than is commonly the case, as the condenser is small and, moreover, the current from the same does not, like in an ordinary coil, pass simply through the contacts and a few short connections, but has to traverse the primary coil, this reducing the current and diminishing very much the heating effects.



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